Ohio, May 1939 – November 1963
Fr. Glocar arrived in America with his wife and two daughters, Melina born in 1933 and Olga born in 1934, and soon began his pastoral duties at St. Silvia Serbian Orthodox Church in Cleveland Ohio. He arrived knowing only three words of English, “How do you do”. Through study and a natural gift for language he became comfortable with English quite quickly.
During these years in Cleveland, Fr. Glocar continued to write and publish books. He wrote and published “A Man from the Balkans (1943)”, a novel about first generation Slavic immigrants and their quest for citizenship and acceptance in America. He also wrote the Czech novel, “Rebelie (1949)” about the uprising of the Serbs against the Turks in 1806-1807.
Fr. Glocar was very aware of the horrors of WWII and how it affected the Yugoslavian people. As a Serbian Orthodox priest he had known many who had died. He was also aware of how close he and his family came to being part of that tragedy. Upon his arrival in the US he began working on issues related to the international relief for the Yugoslavia people and became a member of the Council for Yugoslavia War Relief. An organization that helped Yugoslavian people.
The Council financed humanitarian efforts for Yugoslavia. It also published articles and stories addressing not only key events of WWII but the many atrocities suffered by the Czech and Yugoslavian people. A book titled, “Youth Replies – I can”, about stories of the Resistance, included a story by Fr. Glocar called, “Children of the Storm”. In the story, based on real events, he describes the massacre of an Orthodox Church, the townspeople including children, and the priest by the German invaders. He also contributed “Serbian Rhapsody” 80 pages of verse on the tragedy of Yugoslavia in the war and “Return”, a story about the fall of Czechoslovakia in 1938.
After four years at St Silva, Glocar was approved to the pastorate of St Demetrius Serbian Orthodox Church in Akron Ohio by Bishop Dionisiye, head of the American Serbian Orthodox church. He and his family moved into the church’s rectory which was adjacent to the church. His arrival in Akron was featured in a newspaper story that highlighted his life story and accomplishments as an author including a review of “A Man From The Balkans”, his first novel translated in English.
Fr. Glocar’s open support for Yugoslavian refugees did not go unnoticed by the American Serbian Orthodox Church (ASOC). Bishop Dionisije was an adamant anti-communist. He did not support Tito’s Communist Yugoslavia. The diaspora ASOC priests in America also felt that the agreement the Serbian Orthodox Church in Belgrade had made with the communist authorities had been too unfavorable to the church. They felt that the Belgrade "red priests" had acquiesced too easily.
At his church in Akron, Fr. Glocar continued his efforts to provide relief for Yugoslavia. It was estimated that there were 500,000 Yugoslavian orphans at the end of WWII. Sponsorship for orphans, clothing drives for winter coats for refugees and food supplies were all activities that were undertaken by the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Akron Serbian community to support their fellow countrymen. For his humanitarian support of Yugoslavia, Marshall Tito, President of Yugoslavia, awarded Fr. Glocar the Legion of Merrit (1946), a very prestigious award that Glocar highly valued.
Some members of Fr. Glocar’s congregation at St. Demitrius church did not agree with his support of Yugoslavian refugees. The U.S. as a whole was strongly anti-communist and the many of the Serbian Orthodox church members were even more vehement. They had difficulty separating support for Yugoslavians from support of the Partisan Yugoslavian Communists.
An unsigned letter to the editor of the Akron Beacon Journal (1947) accused Fr. Glocar of being a fervent admirer of the blood-thirsty anti-Christian Tito regime in Yugoslavia. Two follow-up Letters to the editor; from a parishioner from Glocar’s Church and one from Fr. Glocar himself, repudiated the accusations. However, there was a counter to has Serbian activism.
In December of 1947 a representative of the American Serbian Orthodox Church heard testimony from 40 parishioners and four different organizations who had filed complaints related to the political activities of Fr. Glocar. Some members of his church had asked high church officials to remove Fr. Glocar for his actions. The hearing was taken under advisement, but the report did not lead to his removal.
Fr. Glocar applied for US Citizenship after his arrival in the US and a hearing was held in July of 1947 before Judge Walter B. Wanamaker. During the hearing it was revealed that Fr. Glocar’s superior officer, Bishop Dionisiye who had brought him over from Yugoslavia and had approved of his appointment to St. Demitrius Church, had advised against citizenship. He wrote that his application is to be refused, “Unless he repudiates his relief and political activities as a pro-Tito Partisanship and repudiate the medal Tito sent him”. Government agents who had not found enough evidence to bar him from citizenship were present at the hearing. Fr. Glocar tried to point out that his allegiance was to the Yugoslavian people and not to the Yugoslavian dictator. He asked the Judge several times, “What does pro-Tito Partisan mean?” In the end his case was tabled and not reheard again for almost 10 years.
Possibly seeking relief from his difficulties with the church, Glocar turned to painting. His first remembrance of art was when he was four years old when he saw sketches of his sister modeling in native dress in his village. As a seminary student in Sarajevo, he observed and studied the artists who set up their easels in the streets, “I was always behind their necks, and admired their oils. I could only afford watercolors”. For the next five years he took art instruction at the Akron Institute of Art.
He began exhibiting his works in 1954 at the Institute’s annual May show. He had shows at the Butler Museum in Youngstown, the Circulating Gallery of the Dayton Art Museum and the Cuyahoga Valley Art Center where he received an honorable mention in the 1959 show.
In 1960 Fr. Glocar had an impressive one man show at the Woman’s City Club in Akron. He was becoming well known in the area for his art shows. In 1961 at the Cuyahoga Valley Art Center’s 8th Annual Show, he won first honorable mention for his painting “Gothic Night”.
In 1956 Fr. Glocar’s petition for citizenship was reheard by Judge Wanamaker. Glocar was notified of the hearing on the day that it occurred and had no time to prepare. The attorney that had represented Fr. Glocar at the earlier hearing was dead. The Judge requested any new evidence, however Fr. Glocar began by disputing the bench’s contention about the 1947 testimony. He said that he was a priest of the Serbian Orthodox church and not the Russian Orthodox Church as had been contended by the court. He reminded the judge that the two churches have had no connections since the Middle Ages. He would not repudiate the medal that Tito had sent him and so he was denied citizenship but was told he could appeal.
Fr. Glocar did appeal the ruling by Judge Wanamaker and filed for citizenship in Cleveland in 1958. After an intensive investigation the US Government Offices of Immigration and Naturalization recommended citizenship. Judge Girard E. Kalblleish signed the order March 4, 1960 and Fr. Glocar became a US citizen after a 13 year ordeal.
However, his troubles with the church did not end after citizenship. Since he first became Priest at St. Demetrius church Fr. Glocar had ongoing disputes with some of the church’s members. They centered on his support of Yugoslavian refugees and support of the Mother Serbian Orthodox Church in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Some in the American Serbian Orthodox Church were vehemently anti-communist and this included some in his congregation, church leaders and the head of the American Serbian Orthodox Church – Bishop Dionisiye. Bishop Dionisiye had traveled to Washington D.C. in 1960 to protest Marshall Tito’s visit with President Eisenhower.
On November 11, 1962 a meeting was held at St.Demetrius Church. One member of the Board of Directors, Pavle Pavlovich stated, “We must oust Glocar, because of his pro-communist activities”. Fr. Glocar said his only political activity was sending relief packages to the widows of Orthodox Priests. But a vote of confidence was taken and Fr. Glocar lost, setting in action his removal as Priest of St. Demetrius Church. The recommendation of removal was made official by a church court presided over by Bishop Dionisiye; “Political activities” was listed as the reason.
Fr. Glocar sued Pavlovich $100,800 for slander for calling him a communist. He also appealed his ouster in court, maintaining that the meeting to remove him was without proper notice and that some of his backers were disenfranchised and unable to vote. The court ruled that it had no jurisdiction in this case and urged the two parties to come to agreement. The personal turmoil of this dispute weighed heavily on Fr Glocar and he was hospitalized in January in the midst of the proceedings. In March of 1963 he gave up fighting his ouster and he moved his family from the rectory to a private home.
In May of 1963 the Bishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Belgrade ruled that the removal of Fr. Glocar was unlawful and reversed the recommendation of Bishop Dionisiye, head of the Serbian Orthodox Church of the US and Canada. They ordered the disposition of Bishop Dionisije and the Division the North American Diocese into three dioceses. Instead, in 1963 the US Canadian Serbian Church voted to separate themselves from Belgrade and become independent. Court battles related to these actions in 1963 went on for decades and were not resolved until the 1990’s. The ruling by Belgrade had no effect on Fr. Glocar’s status, he remained ousted.
References:
- Emilian Glocar Appointed Pastor of St. Demitrius Church, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), June 11, 1943
- Hall, Author of “A Man From the Balkans” Now Akron Pastor, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), July 18, 1943
- Many Seek War Waifs, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), February 3, 1946
- Asks Akron Support for Yugoslav Relief, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), June 4, 1946
- Letter to Editor, D.P.’s Not Criminals, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), March 3, 1947
- Letter to Editor, Mrs. B. Overfield, In Defense of Rev. Mr. Glocar, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), March 21,1947
- Letter to Editor, Rev. Glocar Replies, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), March 22, 1947
- Judge Asks Rev. Glocar Red Views, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), July 1, 1947
- Glocar’s Case Heard by Church Aid, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), December 23, 1947
- Housewife, Pastor are Denied Citizenship, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), November 10, 1956
- Glocar Wind His Citizenship, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), March 4, 1960
- Paintings of Emilian Glocar are on exhibit, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), March 4, 1960,
- H. Kither, A Study in Contrasts, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), March 6, 1960
- H. Kitcher, Art World: Bad Installation, But a Good Show, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), Oct 15, 1961
- D. Warner, Akron Priest Sues Over “Pro-Red’ Label, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), December 12, 1961
- Resume Court Fight To Oust Pastor Jan.7, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), December 29, 1962
- Hospitalized, Still Fighting, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), January 9, 1963
- Glocar Drops Fight to Regain Pastorate Here, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), March 29, 2963
- Glocar Ouster Illegal, Akron Beacon Journal (Akron Ohio), May 16, 1963