Europe 1906 - 1939
Emilian Bozetech Glocar was born in Lukavice (Lukavitce) Moravia to Emile and Josepha on July 11, 1906, Moravia at that time was part of Austro-Hungary. His father worked as a baker before conscription into the Army at the beginning of WWI. He died from wounds he received near the end of the war in 1917. His mother died of unknown causes the same year. When he was 11 the orphaned Emilian and his brother lived with relatives near Zagreb. During the celebrations of the end of the WWI on October 28, 1918 he was seriously wounded by shrapnel and had some difficulties with his left arm for the rest of his life.
Fr. Glocar was originally baptized in the Roman Catholic faith. After the death of his parents, Glocar converted to Holy Orthodoxy under Bishop Gorazd, Bishop of the Orthodox Diocese in Czechoslovakia. After graduating from the Gymnasium in Zagreb in 1923, Bishop Gorazd, who had taken an interest in Emil, paid for his tuition, and arranged for him to study Orthodox theology at the Seminary in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia.
Following graduation from Sarajevo Seminary, he worked as a religion teacher in Prague and Pilsen, but found that unrewarding. Cleric Glocar returned to school and studied Slavic literature for two years at Carlo University in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He finished his education at Belgrade University where he studied Theology and received a PhD in 1932. His dissertation on the philosophy of V. Solojev received the Belgrade University prize for the best dissertation of that year.
His Theological studies in Serbia brought him in close contact with the Serbian people. As a result, he decided he did not want to be a monastery monk, whose religion was devoted to contemplation. He wanted to be a priest who served the people. This love of the people, especially the Serbian people, was an important theme for the rest of his life.
To be a priest meant to be ordained. Orthodox priests can marry, but they must be married before they are ordained. They cannot marry after ordination and cannot divorce. In an interview in later life, Glocar recalled that he was advised to marry and become a priest. “They told me to go out and serve the people, help someone who needs it. In the monastery all they do is sit and think; they serve no one but themselves.”
In 1930 a marriage was arranged by the church with a Serbian girl, Bosiljka Parlaceva in the Cathedral Church of Sremski Karlovci. On March 16, 1930, he was ordained to the Holy Diaconate at the St. Nicholas Cathedral by Dr. Irinej (Djordjevic), the Vicar-bishop of Belgrade-Karlovci. On March 23,1930, he was ordained into the Holy Priesthood.
In 1931 Fr. Glocar was assigned his first parish named Vitojevci, in a small village of 100 families in Srem, Yugolslavia on the river Sava. As the parish priest, he delivered the Sunday mass, officiated at weddings and funerals, and performed other duties as a small village’s parish priest.
The Sava river basin floods periodically and in 1932 there was a devastating flood that swept away much of the town. He witnessed firsthand what the village and his parishioners had to do to survive. He wrote about the hardships and sufferings of the 100 families that were homeless and lost everything from the total destruction of the flood. The title of the book “Od Jara do Jara” (From Spring to Spring) was acclaimed as the best Czechoslovakian novel of that year in 1937.
He began writing in 1931, and published two works of Poetry, The Orphans’ Songs (1931) and Vigile (1932). His second novel "Frushka Gora" (Monestary Hills), about the life of Monks in Serbia, received first place in a literary competition in Prague in 1940. Czech critics commented how the novel was written with great love and admiration for the Serbian people. By this time he was becoming a well known Balkan.
Following the destruction of Vitojevci, he continued his work as a priest in a large parish of over 7,000 members in Dalj-on-the-Danube, Vojvodina. While serving the Dalj parish, Fr. Glocar became very active in the religious movement "Bogomoljacki Pokret".
The “Bogomoljacki Pokret”, translated as the Movement by those who pray to God was a voluntary association. It consisted of believers of the Serbian Orthodox Church and emphasized Christian evangelicalism. It arose at the end of WWI when some of its adherents with great missionary enthusiasm went to the people to preach the gospel about salvation. As the movement spread it became a force of spiritual and moral growth to awaken the church. It incorporated some customs from other evangelical traditions such as public readings of the New Testament, that were not common in the Serbian Orthodox Church. The bishops and clergy of the Serbian Orthodox Church were worried that it would become a Sect and so they entrusted Bishop Nikolai Velimirovic to guide the movement and he became the movement’s leader.
Fr. Glocar worked closely with Bishop Velimirovic. Glocar was the editor of the “Svetosavlje”, the Journel of Serbian Theology. He wrote many articles for “Svetosavlje” and also a book of sermons,Tvoj Glas, (Your Voice) 1936. He was regarded as a dynamic speaker and a young leader of the religious movement.
Some of the practices of the Bogomoljacki Pokret were prayer meetings and pilgrimages. Members of the movement would travel to the Žiča Monastery, to hear Bishop Velimirovic deliver his sermons. The largest pilgrimage of all was in 1938, when 100,000 people from all over the country gathered at the monastery for days of prayer and preaching. However, within the church there was never full agreement about the movement. The incorporation of evangelical customs worried the church leadership with uncertainty of how it might transform the Serbian Orthodox Church.
Fr. Glocar’s notoriety as a writer and as an outspoken Orthodox priest alienated him from some of the Serbian Orthodox Church hierarchy. As a result without warning Glocar and his family were ordered in May of 1939 to move to the United States. Removing him could help defuse the growing popularity of Bogomoljacki Pokret. The Church never made a statement or gave a reason for his transfer, but he was in essence exiled from Yugoslavia to the U.S. Fr. Glocar never offered any rational, his only comment was that he was directed to go and that his family did not agree with the directive.
Although Glocar and his family were unhappy with the move, it is very probable that it saved their lives. They left Serbia in May and 4 months later Germany invaded Poland and WWII began. In the years between 1941 and 1944 Germany occupied and divided Yugoslavia.The Nazi’s committed numerous crimes against the civilian population, especially against Serbs, Jews and Romani. In addition to mass killings that virtually eliminated the Jewish population, there were mass killings of Serbs that has been described as genocide.
The Serbian Orthodox Church suffered severely from the German occupation. There were 577 Orthodox priests, monks and other religious dignitaries in April 1941. Between 214 and 217 were killed, 334 were exiled, 18 fled and 5 died of natural causes. Also many Orthodox churches were damaged or destroyed.
Czecholovakia, Glocar’s homeland, was already occupied by the Nazis following the Munich agreement of 1938.The goal of the German state under Nazi leadership was to eradicate Czech nationality through assimilation, deportation, and extermination of the Czech intelligentsia. Czechs were considered to be Untermenschen (Nazi term for non-Aryan people) by the Nazi state and incapable of being Germanized. Over 200,000 Czech people were sent to concentration camps and an additional 250,000 died during the German occupation. Glocar’s original benefactor Bishop Gorazd, who had paid for his tuition to seminary, was murdered by the Nazis in retaliation to the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, a high ranking German SS officer in 1942. A fate Fr. Glocar avoided when he was ordered to a parish in Cleveland Ohio.
References:
- https://eserbia.org/sapeople/church/906-father-emilian-glocar
- https://www.askart.com/artist/Emilian_Glocar/11144431/Emilian_Glocar.aspx
- https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emili%C3%A1n_Bo%C5%BEet%C4%9Bch_Glocar
- https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogomoliac movementc
- https://slovnikceskeliteratury.cz/showContent.jsp?docId=499&hl=glocar+